Your 1099 Overview

Contributed by: Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP®

Tax season is in full swing, and 1099s are being developed and distributed by Raymond James and other brokerage firms. The two most common accounts clients own are retirement accounts (Roth IRAs, Traditional IRAs, SEP-IRAs, etc.) or after-tax investment/brokerage accounts (Joint brokerage account, individual brokerage account, trust brokerage account, etc.). Because retirement accounts and after-tax accounts are vastly different from a tax perspective, the 1099s that are generated will be much different as well. Let’s review the differences.

Retirement Accounts (Traditional IRAs, Roth IRAs, SEP-IRAs, 401k, 403b, etc.)

Retirement accounts produce what is known as a 1099-R. Yes, you guessed it – the “R” stands for retirement account! Because retirement accounts are tax-deferred vehicles, the IRS only cares about how much was withdrawn from the account and if there was any tax withheld on those distributions (the 1099-R is also accompanied by form 5498, which also shows any contributions to the retirement account). Because of the simplicity and what is captured on this tax form, I commonly refer to a client’s 1099-R as their “retirement account’s W2”. Given the tax-deferred nature of retirement accounts, portfolio income such as dividends, interest, and capital gains are completely irrelevant from a tax reporting standpoint. These income sources also do not play a role within the 1099-R, so far less accounting goes into producing the 1099-R. This means they are released early in the year – typically in late January/early February (around the same time most W2s are produced for those still working). For those over 70 ½ that have chosen to facilitate gifts to charity through their IRA by utilizing the Qualified Charitable Distribution or ‘QCD’ strategy (click here to learn more about QCDs), Raymond James now captures these gifts on the 1099-R to ensure your tax preparer is aware and factors them into your tax return.

After-Tax Investment/Brokerage Accounts (Trust accounts, joint accounts, individual accounts, etc.)

After-tax investment or ‘brokerage accounts’ are very different from retirement accounts regarding tax reporting. Because these accounts are funded with after-tax dollars and not held in a retirement account, there is no tax deferral. This means that income sources such as dividends, interest, and capital gains are taxable to clients each year – the 1099 produced for these accounts captures this data so your tax preparer can accurately complete your tax return each year. Within the 1099 summary, there are three common sections:

• 1099-Div: Reports dividends paid throughout the year

• 1099-Int: Reports interest paid throughout the year

• 1099-B: Reports capital gains or losses generated throughout the year

Unlike retirement accounts that are tax-deferred, dividends, interest, and capital gains/losses play a significant role within the 1099 because they are reportable on your tax return each year. Therefore, a significant amount of accounting from the various investments within your account is required to determine these figures captured on your 1099. Because taxes are not withheld in these accounts if distributions ever occur, withdrawals are not captured on these 1099s as they would be on a 1099-R. Given the extensive accounting that arises to ensure errors are not made on reportable income, the earliest these 1099s become available is typically mid-February. That said, it is quite common for many 1099s to be distributed closer to mid-March. Because of this, I recommend consulting with your tax professional to see if filing a tax extension is appropriate for your situation.

As you can see, there are important differences between these different tax reporting documents. Having a better understanding of each will make your upcoming tax season more manageable. If our team can be of help with your tax forms or any other areas, please feel free to reach out!

Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP®, is a Partner and CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ professional at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® Nick specializes in tax-efficient retirement income and distribution planning for clients and serves as a trusted source for local and national media publications, including WXYZ, PBS, CNBC, MSN Money, Financial Planning Magazine and OnWallStreet.com.

Securities offered through Raymond James Financial Services, Inc., member FINRA/SIPC. Investment advisory services are offered through Center for Financial Planning, Inc. Center for Financial Planning, Inc. is not a registered broker/dealer and is independent of Raymond James Financial Services.

The foregoing information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but we do not guarantee that it is accurate or complete, it is not a statement of all available data necessary for making an investment decision, and it does not constitute a recommendation. Any opinions are those of Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP® and not necessarily those of Raymond James. While we are familiar with the tax provisions of the issues presented herein, as Financial Advisors of RJFS, we are not qualified to render advice on tax or legal matters. You should discuss tax or legal matters with the appropriate professional. Conversions from IRA to Roth may be subject to its own five-year holding period. Unless certain criteria are met, Roth IRA owners must be 59½ or older and have held the IRA for five years before tax-free withdrawals of contributions along with any earnings are permitted. Converting a traditional IRA into a Roth IRA has tax implications. Investors should consult a tax advisor before deciding to do a conversion.

Why Retirement Planning is Like Climbing Mount Everest

Contributed by: Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP®

Mount Everest. One of the most beautiful natural wonders in the world. With an elevation of just over 29,000 feet, it's the highest mountain above sea level. As you would expect, climbing Mount Everest is a challenging and dangerous feat. Sadly, over 375 people have lost their lives making the trek. However, one thing that might surprise you is that the vast majority who have died on the mountain didn't pass away while climbing to the top. Believe it or not, the climb down or descent has caused the greatest fatalities. 

Case in point, Eric Arnold was a multiple Mount Everest climber who sadly died in 2016 on one of his climbs. Before he passed, he was interviewed by a local media outlet and was quoted as saying, "two-thirds of the accidents happen on the way down. If you get euphoric and think, 'I have reached my goal,' the most dangerous part is still ahead of you." Eric's quote struck me, and I couldn't help but think of the parallels his words had with retirement planning and how we, as advisers, help serve clients. Let me explain.   

Most of us will work 40+ years, save diligently, and hopefully invest wisely with the guidance of a trusted professional and the goal of retiring and happily living out the 'golden years.' It can be an exhilarating feeling – getting to the end of your career and knowing that you've accumulated sufficient assets to achieve the goals you've set for yourself and your family. However, we can't forget that the climb is only halfway done. We have to continue working together and develop a quality plan to help you on your climb down the mountain as well! When do I take Social Security? Which pension option should I elect? How do I navigate Medicare? Which accounts do I draw from to get me the money I need to live on in the most tax-efficient manner? How should my investment strategy change now that I'll be withdrawing from my portfolio instead of depositing funds? 

Even though you've reached the peak of the mountain – aka retirement - we must recognize that the work is far from over. There are still monumental financial decisions that will be made during the years you aren't working that most of us can't afford to get wrong. Ironically, this is when we find that many folks who have been fantastic "do-it-yourself" investors ultimately reach out to establish a professional relationship, given the magnitude of these ongoing decisions. They are ready for the "descent" and wish to delegate the financial matters in their lives to someone they trust. Our goal as your trusted advisor is to serve as your financial steward and help guide you, so you can focus your well-deserved time and energy in retirement on areas of your life that provide you meaning, fulfillment, and joy. 

As with those who climb Mount Everest, many financial plans that are in good shape when entering retirement can easily be derailed on the descent or when funds start to be withdrawn from your portfolio – aka the "decumulation" phase of retirement planning. A quality financial and investment strategy doesn't end upon retirement – this is when proper planning becomes even more critical, especially during periods of uncertainty and market volatility like we're currently experiencing. Reach out to us if we can help you on the climb – both up and down the mountain.  

Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP®, is a Partner and CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ professional at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® Nick specializes in tax-efficient retirement income and distribution planning for clients and serves as a trusted source for local and national media publications, including WXYZ, PBS, CNBC, MSN Money, Financial Planning Magazine and OnWallStreet.com.

Any opinions are those Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP® and not necessarily those of Raymond James. Securities offered through Raymond James Financial Services, Inc., member FINRA/SIPC. Investment advisory services are offered through Center for Financial Planning, Inc.

Investing involves risk and you may incur a profit or a loss regardless of strategy selected. Prior to making an investment decision, please consult with your financial advisor about your individual situation.

Proactive Approaches to Navigate Market Volatility

Contributed by: Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP®

2022 has been like a Michigan highway this year for financial markets – lots of potholes and certainly not a smooth ride to your destination. What makes this year's market volatility so frustrating is that we have seen the bond market struggle alongside equity markets. In most market corrections, bonds have a negative correlation with stocks, which is just a fancy way of saying stocks Zig when bonds Zag – they move in different directions when things get ugly. While this is a general rule of thumb, as we have seen this year, there are periods where stocks and bonds can be down at the same time (click here to learn more and read our latest quarterly Investment Commentary).

A reasonable question that many of our clients have either asked us directly or are likely thinking to themselves is, "what moves should we be making given the current state of the economy and market?". Our firm does not believe in market timing or abandoning an evidence-based investment strategy because of market volatility that we believe comes with being a long-term investor. However, this certainly does not mean that we sit around doing nothing! In addition to making strategic adjustments within your portfolio that align with our current view and outlook for fixed income and equity markets, there are several financial planning concepts we review and consider that have been proven to add value to a client's financial plan over time. Let's dig into what some of those strategies are:

Tax Loss Harvesting 

Intentionally selling positions at a loss within an after-tax investment account (trust account, joint, individual account, etc.) to help offset capital gains generated in the future, or even a portion of your ordinary income, is something we act on frequently for clients during times of market volatility. When loss harvesting is completed, we invest the sale proceeds in a similar fund for 31 days, so you are not "out of the market" and, in many cases, re-purchase the exact positions we sold one month prior. Click here to learn more about this strategy and why it can help improve the most important return for any investor – your AFTER-TAX rate of return! 

Roth IRA Conversions 

Given our historically low tax environment and a strong likelihood that these low rates expire at the end of 2025 (2017 Tax Cuts & Jobs Act), moving funds from Traditional IRAs to Roth IRAs through income acceleration has been a popular strategy over the past five years. Roth IRA conversions become an even more compelling strategy during times of market volatility because you can convert more shares of an investment at the same target dollar amount for the conversion. 

For example, if Joe Client (age 62) plans to convert $30,000 to his Roth IRA in 2022 to maximize the 12% marginal tax bracket, we might consider converting funds of his ABC stock mutual fund. With being currently valued at $10/share, we would be converting 3,000 shares. However, because of recent market volatility, ABC mutual fund's share price has dropped to $8.50/share – down 15%. This means we can still target the same $30,000 conversion to maximize the appropriate tax bracket; however, we can now convert nearly 3,530 shares – 530 more than before the decline in share price. When the market recovers, the "snap back growth" with additional shares will occur completely tax-free within the Roth IRA!

Portfolio Rebalancing 

Buying low and selling high – the cornerstone of almost every investment strategy! At its core, that is really what portfolio rebalancing is all about. When we proactively manage your investments and allocation, your planner and our dedicated in-house investment department are working in tandem, reviewing your plan to ensure your target allocation is always in balance. Thinking back to late March 2020 in the depths of the COVID bear market, a client who had a target portfolio mix of 60% stock, 40% bond was now sitting at roughly 54% stock, 46% bonds because equity markets were down 30+% and many bond funds were up 3-5% for the year. When we hit certain thresholds that made sense for each client's customized financial plan, we sold bonds in positive territory and bought stocks funds that were trading at a deep discount to get the client back to their target allocation of 60% stock, 40% bond. Let's be honest – rebalancing when markets are up where we are trimming profits (which we did a lot of last year, especially in Q4 2021) is a lot easier than selling our safe, more conservative bonds and buying stock when there is fear and uncertainty in markets. That said, in our opinion, a disciplined and intentional rebalancing strategy under EVERY market condition is key to helping you achieve the rate of return necessary to attain your short and long-term financial goals. 

Cash Reserves  

While working, especially in our younger years, it is always a great idea to have at least three months of living expenses set aside as an emergency fund. Having even more in cash (6-24 months) might be advisable, depending on one's career. However, as you enter the wonderful world of retirement, you no longer have to protect against a sudden loss of employment income. If that was a concern, chances are you would not be in a position to retire in the first place! Having adequate cash reserves when you are in "distribution mode" is key. In most years, the S&P 500 will fall 5% or more on three to four separate occasions, and on average, it is common to see a pullback of 14% or more at least once a year. Check out the chart below that JP Morgan updates annually – it is a favorite of mine for a self-proclaimed "financial planning nerd." However, despite those intra-year disruptions, markets typically end the year in positive territory about 75% of the time. 

Think of having adequate cash in your investment accounts to support your monthly or periodic portfolio distributions as your umbrella to keep you dry during a brief rain shower. So how do we do this? What's the strategy? Concepts that we have seen work well for the hundreds of retired clients we have the pleasure of serving are simple yet incredibly effective:

• Having dividends, interest, and capital gain distributions pay to cash instead of being re-invested – we consider this our "dry powder."

• Portfolio rebalancing – as noted above, trimming profits or areas of your investments that have become overweight are naturally good ways to rebuild your cash bucket to help support your retirement income needs.

Helping to construct and navigate your financial plan is truly our passion. Thank you for your continued trust and confidence in our team. We are grateful to be part of your financial team!

Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP®, is a Partner and CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ professional at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® Nick specializes in tax-efficient retirement income and distribution planning for clients and serves as a trusted source for local and national media publications, including WXYZ, PBS, CNBC, MSN Money, Financial Planning Magazine and OnWallStreet.com.

This material is being provided for information purposes only and is not a complete description, nor is it a recommendation. Any opinions are those of the author and not necessarily those of Raymond James. Investing involves risk and you may incur a profit or loss regardless of strategy selected. Rebalancing a non-retirement account could be a taxable event that may increase your tax liability. Conversions from IRA to Roth may be subject to its own five-year holding period. Unless certain criteria are met, Roth IRA owners must be 59½ or older and have held the IRA for five years before tax-free withdrawals of contributions along with any earnings are permitted. Converting a traditional IRA into a Roth IRA has tax implications. Investors should consult a tax advisor before deciding to do a conversion. Matching contributions from your employer may be subject to a vesting schedule. Please consult with your financial advisor for more information. Rebalancing a non-retirement account could be a taxable event that may increase your tax liability.

Is My Pension Subject to Michigan Income Tax?

Contributed by: Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP®

It is hard to believe, but it has been ten years since former Michigan Governor Rick Snyder signed his budget balancing plan into law, which became effective in 2012. As a result, Michigan joined the majority of states in the country in taxing pension and retirement account income (401k, 403b, IRA, distributions) at the state income tax rate of 4.25%. 

As a refresher, here are the different age categories that will determine the taxability of your pension:

1) IF YOU WERE BORN BEFORE 1946:

• Benefits are exempt from Michigan state tax up to $54,404 if filing single, or $108,808 if married filing jointly.

2) IF YOU WERE BORN BETWEEN 1946 AND 1952:

• Benefits are exempt from Michigan state tax up to $20,000 if filing single, or $40,000 if married filing jointly.

3) IF YOU WERE BORN AFTER 1952:

• Benefits are fully taxable in Michigan.

What happens when spouses have birth years in different age categories? Great question! The state has offered favorable treatment in this situation and uses the oldest spouse’s birthdate to determine the applicable age category. For example, if Mark (age 69, born in 1953) and Tina (age 74, born in 1948) have combined pension and IRA income of $60,000, only $20,000 of it will be subject to Michigan state income tax ($60,000 – $40,000). Tina’s birth year of 1948 is used to determine the applicable exemption amount – in this case, $40,000 because they file their taxes jointly. 

Taxing retirement benefits has been a controversial topic in Michigan. As we sit here today, Governor Whitmer is advocating for a repeal of taxing retirees – however, no formal proposal has been released at this time. The following states are the only ones that do not tax retirement income (most of which do not carry any state tax at all) – Alaska, Florida, New Hampshire, Nevada, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, Illinois, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, and Wyoming. Also, Michigan is one of 37 states that still does not tax Social Security benefits.

Here is a neat look at how the various states across the country match up against one another when it comes to the various forms of taxation:

Source: www.michigan.gov/taxes

Taxes, both federal and state, play a major role in one’s overall retirement income planning strategy. In many cases, there are strategies that could potentially reduce your overall tax bill by being strategic on which accounts you draw from in retirement or how you choose to turn on various forms of fixed retirement income. If you would like to dig into your situation to see if there are planning opportunities you should be taking advantage of, please reach out to us for guidance or a second opinion.

Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP®, is a Partner and CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ professional at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® Nick specializes in tax-efficient retirement income and distribution planning for clients and serves as a trusted source for local and national media publications, including WXYZ, PBS, CNBC, MSN Money, Financial Planning Magazine and OnWallStreet.com.

Please note, changes in tax laws may occur at any time and could have a substantial impact upon each person's situation. While we are familiar with the tax provisions of the issues presented herein, as Financial Advisors of RJFS, we are not qualified to render advice on tax or legal matters. You should discuss tax or legal matters with the appropriate professional.

Reviewing your Social Security Benefit Statement

Contributed by: Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP®

According to the Social Security Administration, on average, Social Security will replace about 40% of one’s pre‐retirement earnings. Given the diligent savings and consistently wise financial decisions many of our clients at The Center have made over the years, this percentage might not be quite as high. However, in our experience, Social Security is still a vital component of one’s retirement plan. Let’s review some of the important aspects of benefit statements to ensure you’re feeling confident about your future retirement income.

History of Mailed Statements

In 1999, the Social Security Administration (SSA) began mailing paper copies of Social Security statements to most American workers. Since that time, through several budget reduction initiatives, this process has dramatically changed. As we stand here today, no worker under the age of 60 receives a projected benefit statement by mail. Only those who receive statements by mail are both 60 and older and have not yet registered for an online SSA account.

Online Access – The “my Social Security” Platform

I have to hand it to Social Security – they’ve done a fantastic job, in my opinion, by creating a very user-friendly and easy‐to‐follow online platform to view benefit statements and projections. To create a user account or to sign in to your existing account, click here. If you have not set your account up and wish to do so, you’ll be prompted to provide some basic personal identifiable information such as your name, Social Security number, date of birth, address, e‐mail address, etc. The SSA has also made several great cyber security improvements, including dual‐factor authentication and a photo of a state‐issued photo ID, such as a driver’s license, to verify identification. This is similar to a mobile check deposit that many banks now offer on a smartphone.

Interpreting your Projected Future Income

Benefit projections at various ages can be found on page 2 of your Social Security statement. As you’ve likely heard your advisor share in the past, each year you delay benefits, you’ll see close to an 8% permanent increase on your income stream. Considering our low‐interest‐rate environment and historically high cost of retirement income, this guaranteed increase is highly attractive. It’s important to note that estimated benefits are shown on your statement in today’s dollars and do not take inflation into account. That said, the latest 2020 annual reports from SSA and Medicare Boards of Trustees use 2.4% as an expected future annual inflation amount. Click here to learn more about the sizeable cost of living adjustment in 2022 for those currently receiving Social Security. You should also be aware that Social Security assumes your current earnings continue until “retirement age,” which is not necessarily the same as “full retirement age.” This can potentially be a significant issue for those retiring earlier (i.e., before age 60 in most cases). Click here to learn more about how your income benefits are determined.

Earnings History and Fixing Errors

Page 3 of your Social Security statement details the earnings that the SSA has on file for each year since an individual began working. Believe it or not, SSA does make mistakes! Our team makes it a best practice to review a client’s earnings history on the statement to see if there are any significant outlier years. In most cases, there’s a good reason for an outlier year with income, but it’s simply an error in others. If you do notice an error with your earnings that needs to be fixed to ensure it does not negatively impact your future Social Security benefit, you have a few options. Once supporting documentation is gathered (i.e., old tax returns, W2s, etc.), you can contact the SSA by phone (800‐722‐1213), visit a local SSA office, or complete Form SSA-7008.

Believe it or not, in some circumstances depending on filing strategies, one can generate as much as $1M in total lifetime benefits from Social Security! If you have yet to file, however, there’s a good chance it’s been a bit since you’ve reviewed your benefit statement. If our team can help interpret your benefit statements, please feel free to reach out. The stakes are too high with Social Security, and we are here to help you in any way we can!

Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP®, is a Partner and CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ professional at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® Nick specializes in tax-efficient retirement income and distribution planning for clients and serves as a trusted source for local and national media publications, including WXYZ, PBS, CNBC, MSN Money, Financial Planning Magazine and OnWallStreet.com.

Raymond James and its advisors do not offer tax advice. You should discuss any tax matters with the appropriate professional. The information has been obtained from sources considered reliable, but we do not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Any opinions are those of Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP®, and not necessarily those of Raymond James. Every Investor’s situation is unique and you should consider your investment goals, risk tolerance and time horizon before making any investment, Prior to making an investment decision, please consult with your financial advisor about your individual situation.

How The Historically High Cost Of Retirement Income Affects Your Financial Plan

Contributed by: Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP®

Now more than ever, we find ourselves reminiscing. And if you’re like me, it’s usually about the simple things in life that were so easy to take for granted. Like going out to eat with a large group of friends, having a surprise birthday party for a loved one, or attending a sporting event or concert with a packed arena filled with 30,000 fans having a great time. COVID has caused this reminiscing to occur and it has also played a role in reminiscing of a world where investors used to receive a reasonable yield on portfolios for a relatively low level of risk.

Interest rates have been on a steady decline for several decades now, so COVID certainly isn’t the only culprit to blame here. That said, reductions in interest rates by the Federal Reserve when the pandemic occurred in spring 2020, certainly did not help. As an advisor who typically works with clients who are within 5 years of retirement or currently retired, it’s common to hear comments like, “When we’re drawing funds from our accounts, we can just live off of the interest which should be at least 4% - 5%!”. Given historical dividend and bond yield averages and the fact that if we go back to the late 90s, an investor could purchase a 10 year US treasury bond yielding roughly 7% (essentially risk-free being that the debt was backed by the US government), I can absolutely see why those who lived through this time frame and likely saw their parents living off this level of interest would make these sort of comments. The sad reality is this – the good old days of living off portfolio interest and yield are pretty much dead right now (unless of course, you have a very low portfolio withdrawal rate) and it will likely remain this way for an extended period.

One way to look at this is that the average, historical “cost” to generate $1,000 of annual income from a 50% stock, 50% bond balanced portfolio has been approximately $25,000 (translates into an average yield of 4%). Today, an investor utilizing the same balanced portfolio must invest $80,000 to achieve the $1,000 annual income goal. This is a 320% increase in the “cost” of creating portfolio income!  

It’s worth noting that this is not an issue unique to the United States. The rising cost of portfolio income is a global conundrum as many countries are currently navigating negative interest rate environments (ex. Switzerland, Denmark and Japan). Click here to learn more about what this actually means and how negative interest rates affect investors. Below is a chart showing the history of the 10-year US government bond and US large cap equities from 1870 to 2020.

Source: Robert Shiller http://www.econ.yale.edu/~shiller/

The chart is a powerful visual and highlights how yields on financial assets have taken a nosedive, especially since the 1980s. The average bond yield over 150 years has been 4.5% and the average dividend yield has been 4.1%. As of December 2020, bond yields were at 0.9% and dividend yields stood at 1.6% - quite the difference from the historical average!

So why this dramatic reduction in yields? It’s a phenomenon likely caused by several factors that we could spend several hours talking about. Some experts suggest that companies have increasingly used stock repurchases to return money to shareholders which coupled with high equity valuations have decreased dividend yields globally. Bond yields have plummeted, in part from a flight to safety following the onset of the pandemic as well as the Federal Reserve’s asset purchasing program and reduction of rates that has been a decade-long trend.

The good news is that a low-interest rate environment has been favorable for stocks as many investors (especially large institutional endowments and hedge funds) are realizing that bonds yields and returns will not satisfy the return requirements for their clients which has led to more capital flowing into the equity markets, therefore, creating a tailwind for equities.

Investors must be cautious when “stretching for yield”, especially retirees in distribution mode. Lower quality, high yield bonds offer the yields they do for a reason – they carry significantly more risk than government and high quality corporate and mortgage-backed bonds. In fact, many “junk bonds” that offer much higher yields, typically have a very similar correlation to stocks which means that these bonds will not offer anywhere near the downside protection that high quality bonds will during bear markets and times of volatility. In 2020, it was not uncommon to see many well-respected high yield bond mutual funds down close to 25% amid the brief bear market we experienced. That said, many of these positions ended the year in positive territory but the ride along the way was a very bumpy one, especially for a bond holding!

The reality is simple – investors who wish to generate historical average yields in their portfolio must take on significantly more risk to do so. It’s also important to note that higher yields do not necessarily translate into higher returns. US large cap value stocks are a perfect example of this. Value stocks, which historically have outperformed growth stocks dating back to the 1920s, have underperformed growth stocks in a meaningful way over the last 5 years. This underperformance is actually part of a longer trend that has extended nearly 20 years. Value companies (think Warren Buffet style of investing) will pay dividends, but if stock price appreciation is muted, the total return for the stock will suffer. Some would argue that the underperformance has been partially caused by investors seeking yield thus causing many dividend-paying value companies to become overbought. In many cases, the risk to reward of “stretching for yield” just isn’t there right now for investors, especially for those in the distribution phase. It simply would not be prudent to meaningfully increase the risk of a client’s allocation for a slight increase in income generated from the portfolio.

As we’ve had to do so much over the past year with COVID, it’s important for investors, especially retirees, to shift their expectations and mindset when it comes to portfolio income. Viewing one’s principal as untouchable and believing yield and income will be sufficient in most cases to support spending in retirement is a mistake, in my opinion. Maximizing total return (price appreciation and income) with an appropriate level of risk will be even more critical in our new normal of low rates that, unfortunately, has no sign of leaving anytime soon.

Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP®, is a Partner and CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ professional at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® Nick specializes in tax-efficient retirement income and distribution planning for clients and serves as a trusted source for local and national media publications, including WXYZ, PBS, CNBC, MSN Money, Financial Planning Magazine and OnWallStreet.com.

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Views expressed are not necessarily those of Raymond James and are subject to change without notice. Information provided is general in nature, and is not a complete statement of all information necessary for making an investment decision, and is not a recommendation or a solicitation to buy or sell any security. There is an inverse relationship between interest rate movements and bond prices. Generally, when interest rates rise, bond prices fall and when interest rates fall, bond prices generally rise. Past performance is not indicative of future results. There is no assurance these trends will continue or that forecasts mentioned will occur. Investing always involves risk and you may incur a profit or loss. No investment strategy can guarantee success.

How Much Guaranteed Income Should You Have In Retirement?

Contributed by: Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP®

How much guaranteed income (we’re talking Social Security, pension, and annuity income) should you have in retirement? I am frequently asked this by clients who are nearing or entering retirement AND are seeking our guidance on how to create not only a tax-efficient but well-diversified retirement paycheck. 

“The 50% Rule”

Although every situation is unique, in most cases, we want to see roughly 50% or more of a retiree’s spending need satisfied by fixed income. For example, if your goal is to spend $140,000 before-tax (gross) in retirement, ideally, we’d want to see roughly $70,000 or more come from a combination of Social Security, pension, or an annuity income stream. Reason being, this generally means less reliance on the portfolio for your spending needs. Of course, the withdrawal rate on your portfolio will also come into play when determining if your spending goal would be sustainable throughout retirement. To learn more about our thoughts on the “4% rule” and sequence of return risk, click here.  

Below is an illustration we use frequently with clients to help show where their retirement paycheck will be coming from. The chart also displays the portfolio withdrawal rate to give clients an idea if their desired spending level is realistic or not over the long-term.

Cash Targets

Once we have an idea of what is required to come from your actual portfolio to supplement your spending goal, we’ll typically leave 6 – 12 months (or more depending of course on someone’s risk tolerance) of cash on the “sidelines” to ensure the safety of your short-term cash needs. Believe it or not, since 1980, the average intra-year market decline for the S&P 500 has been 13.8%. Over those 40 years, however, 30 (75% of the time) have ended the year in positive territory:

Market declines are imminent and we want to plan ahead to help mitigate their potential impact. By having cash available at all times for your spending needs, it allows you to still receive income from your portfolio while giving it time to “heal” and recover – something that typically occurs within a 12-month time frame.

A real-world example of this is a client situation that occurred in late March 2020 when the market was going through its bottoming process due to COVID. I received a phone call from a couple who had an unforeseen long-term care event occur which required a one-time distribution that was close to 8% of their entire portfolio. At the time, the stock portion of their accounts was down north of 30% but thankfully, due to their 50% weighting in bonds, their total portfolio was down roughly 17% (still very painful considering the conservative allocation, however). We collectively decided to draw the income need entirely from several of the bond funds that were actually in positive territory at the time. While this did skew their overall allocation a bit and positioned them closer to 58% stock, 42% bond, we did not want to sell any of the equity funds that had been beaten up so badly. This proved to be a winning strategy as the equity funds we held off on selling ended the year up over 15%.  

As you begin the home stretch of your working career, it’s very important to begin dialing in on what you’re actually spending now, compared to what you’d like to spend in retirement.  Sometimes the numbers are very close and oftentimes, they are quite different.  As clients approach retirement, we work together to help determine this magic number and provide analysis on whether or not the spending goal is sustainable over the long-term.  From there, it’s our job to help re-create a retirement paycheck for you that meets your own unique goals.  Don’t hesitate to reach out if we can ever offer a first or second opinion on the best way to create your own retirement paycheck.

Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP® is a Partner and CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ professional at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® Nick specializes in tax-efficient retirement income and distribution planning for clients and serves as a trusted source for local and national media publications, including WXYZ, PBS, CNBC, MSN Money, Financial Planning Magazine and OnWallStreet.com.

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Opinions expressed are those of the author but not necessarily those of Raymond James, and are subject to change without notice. The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but we do not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Charts in this article are for illustration purposes only.

Gifting Considerations During The Holiday Season

Contributed by: Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP®

Giving is top of mind for many now that we are officially in the thick of the holiday season. Whether you’re shopping online or fighting crowds at the mall, there are other forms of gifting to consider – ones that would arguably have a much larger impact on your loved one's life.

Gift Tax Exclusion Refresher

The annual gift tax exclusion for 2020 is $15,000. This means you can give anyone a gift for up to $15,000 and avoid the hassle of filing a gift tax return. The gift, if made to a person and not a charitable organization, is not tax-deductible to the donor nor is it considered taxable income to the recipient of the gift. If you are single and wish to gift funds to your daughter and son-in-law, you can give up to $30,000, assuming the check issued is made out to both of them. Remember, the $15,000 limit is per person, not per household. For higher net worth clients looking to reduce their estate during their lifetime given estate tax rules, annual gifting to charity, friends, and family members can be a fantastic strategy. So what are some ways can this $15,000/person gift function? Does it have to be a gift of cash to a loved one’s checking or savings account? Absolutely not! Let’s look at the many options you have and should consider: 

1. Roth IRA funding 

If a loved one has enough earned income for the year, he or she could be eligible to fund a Roth IRA. What better gift to give someone than the gift of tax-free growth?! We help dozens of clients each year with gifting funds from their investment accounts to a child or grandchild’s Roth IRA up to the maximum contribution level of $6,000 ($7,000 if over the age of 50). Learn more about the power of a Roth IRA and why it could be such a beneficial retirement tool for younger folks. 

2. 529 Plan funding 

529 plans, also known as “education IRAs” are typically used to fund higher education costs. These accounts grow tax-deferred and if funds are used for qualified expenses, distributions are completely tax-free. Many states (including Michigan) offer a state tax deduction for funds contributed to the plan, however, there is no federal tax deduction on 529 contributions. Learn more about education planning and 529 accounts.

3. Gifting securities (individual stock, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, etc.)

Gifting shares of a stock to a loved one is another popular gifting strategy. In some cases, a client may gift a position to a child who is in a lower tax bracket than them. If the child turns around and sells the stock, he or she could avoid paying capital gains tax altogether. As always, be sure to discuss creative strategies like this with your tax professional to ensure this is a good move for both you and the recipient of the gift.  

4. Direct payment for tuition or health care expenses

Direct payments for certain medical and educational expenses are exempt from the $15,000 gift tax exclusion amount. For example, if a grandmother wishes to pay for her granddaughter’s college tuition bill of $10,000 but also wants to gift her $15,000 as a graduation gift to be used for the down payment of a home, she can pay the $10,000 tuition bill directly to the school and still preserve the $15,000 gift exclusion amount. This same rule applies to many medical costs. 

For those who are charitably inclined, gifting highly appreciated stock or securities directly to a 501(c)(3) or Donor Advised Fund is a great strategy to fulfill philanthropy goals in a very tax-efficient manner. For those over 70 ½, gifting funds through a Qualified Charitable Distribution (QCD) could also be a great fit. Gifting funds directly from one’s IRA can reduce taxable income flowing through to your return which will not only reduce your current year’s tax bill but could also lower help lower your Medicare Part B & D premiums, which are determined by your income each year.  

As you can see, there are numerous ways to gift funds to individuals and charitable organizations. There is no “one size fits all” strategy when it comes to giving – the proposed solution will have everything to do with your goals and the need of the person or organization receiving the gift. On behalf of the entire Center family, we wish you a very happy holiday season, please reach out to us if we can be of help in crafting your gifting plan for 2020!

Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP®, is a Partner and CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ professional at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® Nick specializes in tax-efficient retirement income and distribution planning for clients and serves as a trusted source for local and national media publications, including WXYZ, PBS, CNBC, MSN Money, Financial Planning Magazine and OnWallStreet.com.

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This material is being provided for information purposes only and is not a complete description, nor is it a recommendation. Any opinions are those of Nick Defenthaler and not necessarily those of Raymond James. Investing involves risk and you may incur a profit or loss regardless of strategy selected. Please note, changes in tax laws may occur at any time and could have a substantial impact upon each person's situation. While we are familiar with the tax provisions of the issues presented herein, as Financial Advisors of RJFS, we are not qualified to render advice on tax or legal matters. You should discuss tax or legal matters with the appropriate professional. Roth IRA owners must be 59½ or older and have held the IRA for five years before tax-free withdrawals of earnings are permitted. Earnings withdrawn prior to 59 1/2 would be subject to income taxes and penalties. Contribution amounts are always distributed tax free and penalty free. As with other investments, there are generally fees and expenses associated with participation in a 529 plan. There is also a risk that these plans may lose money or not perform well enough to cover educational costs as anticipated. Most states offer their own 529 programs, which may provide advantages and benefits exclusively for their residents. The tax implications can vary significantly from state to state. Donors are urged to consult their attorneys, accountants or tax advisors with respect to questions relating to the deductibility of various types of contributions to a Donor-Advised Fund for federal and state tax purposes. To learn more about the potential risks and benefits of Donor Advised Funds, please contact us.

Do You Know Why 2020 Is A Critical Year For Tax Planning?

Contributed by: Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP®

It’s been quite the year, hasn’t it? 2020 has certainly kicked off the decade in an interesting fashion. In addition to the coronavirus quarantine, it’s also a year that required a significant amount of tax planning and forward-thinking. Why is this year so unique as it relates to taxes? Great question, let's dive in!

SECURE Act

The SECURE ACT was passed in late December 2019 and became effective in 2020. The most meaningful part of the SECURE Act was the elimination of the stretch IRA provision for most non-spouse IRA beneficiaries. Non-spouse beneficiaries now only have a 10-year window to deplete the account which will likely result in the beneficiary being thrust into a higher tax bracket. This update has made many retirees re-think their distribution planning strategy as well as reconsider who they are naming as beneficiaries on certain accounts, given the beneficiary’s current and future tax bracket. Click HERE to read more about this change. 

CARES Act 

Fast forward to March, the CARES Act was passed. This critical stimulus bill provided direct payments to most Americans, extended and increased unemployment benefits, and outlined the parameters for the Paycheck Protection Program for small business relief. Also, another important aspect of the CARES Act was the suspension of Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs) for 2020. This isn’t the first time this has occurred. Back in 2009, RMDs were suspended to provide relief for retirees given the “Great Recession” and financial crisis. However, the reality is that for most Americans who are over 70 1/2 and subject to RMDs (RMDs now begin at age 72 starting in 2020 due to the SECURE Act), actually need the distributions for cash flow purposes. That said, for those retirees who have other income sources (ex. Social Security, large pensions, etc.) and investment accounts to cover cash flow and don’t necessarily “need” their RMD for the year for cash flow, 2020 presents a unique planning opportunity. Not having the RMD from your IRA or 401k flow through to your tax return as income could reduce your overall income tax bracket and also lower your future Medicare premiums (Part B & D premiums are based on your Modified Adjusted Gross Income). We have seen plenty of cases, however, that still make the case for the client to take their RMD or at least a portion of it given their current and projected future tax bracket. There is certainly no “one size fits all” approach with this one and coordination with your financial planner and tax professional is ideal to ensure the best strategy is employed for you. 

Lower Income In 2020

Income for many Americans is lower this year for a myriad of reasons. For those clients still working, it could be due to a pay cut, furlough, or layoff. Unfortunately, we have received several dozen calls and e-mails from clients informing us that they have been affected by one of the aforementioned events. In anomaly years where income is much less than the norm, it presents an opportunity to accelerate income (typically though IRA distributions, Roth IRA conversions, or capital gain harvesting). Every situation is unique so you should chat with your planner about these strategies if you have unfortunately seen a meaningful reduction in pay. 

Thankfully, the market has seen an incredible recovery since mid-March and most diversified portfolios are very close to their January 1st starting balances. However, income generated in after-tax investment accounts through dividends and interest are down a bit given dividend cuts by large corporations and because of our historically low interest rate environment. We were also were very proactive in March and April with a strategy known as tax-loss harvesting, so your capital gain exposure may be muted this year. Many folks will even have losses to carry over into 2021 and beyond which can help offset other forms of income. For these reasons, accelerating income could also be something to consider. 

Higher Tax Rates In 2021, A Very Possible Scenario 

Given current polling numbers, a Democratic sweep seems like a plausible outcome. If this occurs, many analysts are predicting that current, historically low rates could expire effective January 1, 2021. We obviously won’t know how this plays out until November, but if tax rates are expected to see a meaningful increase from where there are now, accelerating income should be explored. Converting money from a Traditional IRA to a Roth IRA or moving funds from a pre-tax, Traditional IRA to an after-tax investment account (assuming you are over the age of 59 1/2 to avoid a 10% early withdrawal penalty) eliminates the future uncertainty of the taxes on those dollars converted or distributed. Ever since the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was passed in late 2017 and went into law in 2018, we have been taking a close look at these strategies for clients as the low tax rates are set to expire on January 1, 2026. However, if taxes have a very real chance of going back to higher levels as soon as 2021, a more aggressive income acceleration plan could be prudent. 

As you can see, there have been many moving parts and items to consider related to tax planning for 2020. While we spend a great deal of our time managing the investments within your portfolio, our team is also looking at how all of these new laws and ever-changing tax landscape can impact your wealth as well. In our opinion, good tax planning doesn’t mean getting your current year’s tax liability as low as humanly possible. It’s about looking at many different aspects of your plan, including your current income, philanthropy goals, future income, and tax considerations as well as considering the individuals or organizations that will one day inherit your wealth and helping you pay the least amount of tax over your entire lifetime.

Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP®, is a Partner and CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ professional at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® Nick specializes in tax-efficient retirement income and distribution planning for clients and serves as a trusted source for local and national media publications, including WXYZ, PBS, CNBC, MSN Money, Financial Planning Magazine and OnWallStreet.com.

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All investments are subject to risk. There is no assurance that any investment strategy will be successful. Unless certain criteria are met, Roth IRA owners must be 59½ or older and have held the IRA for five years before tax-free withdrawals are permitted. Additionally, each converted amount may be subject to its own five-year holding period. Converting a traditional IRA into a Roth IRA has tax implications. Investors should consult a tax advisor before deciding to do a conversion. Raymond James and its advisors do not offer tax or legal advice. You should discuss any tax or legal matters with the appropriate professional.

Beware Of This COVID-19 Scam

Contributed by: Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP®

During times of uncertainty, it is common for adversaries to take advantage of global headlines in an attempt to get people to click malicious links, enter credentials on fraudulent websites, volunteer their personal information, download malicious software or fall for common interpersonal scams.  

Emerging Trend: Economic Impact Payment Scams

Congress recently passed a COVID-19 relief and stimulus package (click here to learn more about the “CARES Act”). As with other aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic, fraudsters are exploiting the relief and stimulus efforts to victimize the public. The latest scams optimize on these stimulus relief initiatives like Economic Impact Payments to trick individuals into providing financial and other personal information.

If you receive calls, emails, or other communications claiming to be from the Treasury Department, the IRS or other government agency offering COVID-19 related grants or stimulus payments in exchange for personal financial information, an advance fee, or charge of any kind, including the purchase of gift cards; do not give out your personal information.

Economic Impact Payment Scam Red Flags

• The use of words like "Stimulus Check" or "Stimulus Payment." The official term is Economic Impact Payment.

• The caller or sender asking you to sign over your Economic Impact Payment check to them.

• Asking by phone, email, text or social media for verification of personal and/or banking information, insisting that the information is needed to receive or speed up your Economic Impact Payment.

• An offer to expedite a tax refund or Economic Impact Payment faster by working on the taxpayer's behalf. This scam could be conducted by social media or even in person.

• Receiving a 'stimulus check' for an odd amount (especially one with cents), or a check that requires that you verify the check online or by calling a number.

Pandemic-Related Phishing Attempts

COVID-19-related email scams have become the largest collection of attacks united by a single theme. Adversaries continue to pose as the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and now government agencies like the IRS to obtain information. General COVID-19 red flags include:

• Urging people to click on links regarding “safety tips” to prevent sickness and to “view new cases around your city.”

• Posing as the CDC, WHO or other well-known health organizations.

• Posing as a medical professionals requesting personal information.

Protecting Senior Citizens

• ·Under normal circumstances, seniors are more likely to fall victim to scams. Preying on fear and isolation, fraudsters have no reservations about trying to take advantage of this section of the population even in the most desperate times.

• Additionally, as social distancing continues to be necessary, experts worry that social isolation will lead to depression, anxiety and ailing health for some seniors. These could lead to both cognitive decline and the desire to find social interaction online—easily leading senior and at-risk clients to fall victim to both COVID-19 scams and other common online, interpersonal or romance scams.

Security Recommendations

We recommend that you take the following actions if you receive a suspicious email or phone call:

• If you believe an email could be suspicious, do not click any links, reply or provide any information.

• Always confirm who you are receiving emails from. Thoroughly check the email sender and domain names to be sure that they are accurate before giving out any personal details or performing any requests.

• Be aware of common red flags such as a sense of urgency, posing as a person of authority, or even uncommon language coming from a person you speak to every day.

Nick Defenthaler, CFP®, RICP®, is a Partner and CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER™ professional at Center for Financial Planning, Inc.® Nick specializes in tax-efficient retirement income and distribution planning for clients and serves as a trusted source for local and national media publications, including WXYZ, PBS, CNBC, MSN Money, Financial Planning Magazine and OnWallStreet.com.